1/2 The first part of this short biography of George Stephenson, up to the time of the opening of the Stockton and Darlington Railway. George Stephensonwas born on June 9, 1781, in Wylam, Northumberland, England. In the years after this George Stephenson developed the ‘iron road’ using steam locomotives to pull waggons on rails. Though this was never proved. George Stephenson is best known as a Engineer. He was the second child of working-class parents – Robert and Mabel. In 1829, Stephenson, along with his son Robert, created the most powerful locomotive engine of that time, Rocket. Till date, railways across the continents use Stephenson’s four feet eight-and-a-half inches gauge measurement. George Malcolm Stephenson papers, 1910-1958 University of Minnesota Libraries. His rail gauge of 4 ft 8.5 inches became the global standard gauge. It was also the first engine to have a passenger car. It is an objective framework of criteria and performance achievements that helps users identify ways in which sustainable approaches can be used to plan, design, construct, and operate infrastructure projects. Robert was a pioneer. Founder/Co-Founder: Liverpool and Manchester Railway, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Robert Stephenson and Company, discoveries/inventions: Steam Locomotive, Killingworth Locomotives, Stephenson's Rocket, My Lord, See the events in life of George Stephenson in Chronological Order, Popularly referred to as the Father of Railways, George Stephenson was a British inventor whose pioneering work in the field of civil and mechanical engineering led to the establishment of the world’s first public inter-city railway line that used steam locomotives. Renowned as the "Father of Railways", the Victorians considered him a great example of diligent application and thirst for improvement, with self-help advocate Samuel Smiles particularly praising his achievements. Rocket sped past at 36mph, breaking all previous records. However, Stephenson was able to improve on these initial designs creating a much more powerful and practical locomotive that was capable of carrying substantial amounts of coal. In 1818, his common sense and willingness to experiment led him to develop a miner’s safety lamp. With that, it became the world’s first public railways to run on steam locomotive. George Stephenson, Camera Department: The Host. George Stephenson : biography 9 June 1781 – 12 August 1848 George Stephenson (9 June 1781 – 12 August 1848) was an English civil engineer and mechanical engineer who built the first public inter-city railway line in the world to use steam locomotives, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway which opened in 1830. This was followed by the Stockton – Darlington railway of 1825. In … Stephenson built the first passenger car for the Stockton and Darlington railway route. Stephenson, George (1781–1848), colliery and railway engineer, was born at Wylam, 8 miles from Newcastle upon Tyne in the county of Northumberland, on 9 June 1781. George Stephenson © Stephenson was a pioneering railway engineer and inventor of the 'Rocket', the most famous early railway locomotive. Key Facts about George Stephenson: Born 1781, died 1848 Rose from humble beginnings as an archetypal ‘self-made man’ Built […] Soon, he became an expert of steam-driven machinery. He has often been called ‘The Father of the Railways’ and indirectly played a key role in the acceleration of the industrial revolution which swept Britain and then the rest of the world. He also superintended many of the railway projects including York and North Midland line, Manchester and Leeds line, Birmingham and Derby line, Sheffield and Rotherham line and so on. Apart from building the first railway line, Stephenson is credited with inventing the most famous early railway locomotive, Rocket. 3, 1958 by Rupert Hart-Davis: Major British Writers (Enlarged Edition II) by G. B. Harrison: Mark Twain: A Life by Ron Powers The gauge used in the construction of this line – 8 and a half inches – became the world’s standard gauge. Great Briton list – Top 100 famous Britons as voted by a BBC poll. In particular, he became an expert in steam-driven engineering. Betty passed away in 1845. It led to a period of rapid railway building which transformed transport within the UK, and later the world. He gained a reputation as an excellent engineer and impressed with his ability to fix a pumping engine at High Pit, Killingworth in 1811. George Stephenson was born on June 9, 1781, in Wylam, near Newcastle-on-Tyne. Taking cue from John Blenkinsop’s travelling engine, Stephenson devised his first locomotive in 1814. Last updated 5 February 2018. Routes he surveyed and … He invented safety lamps for them in 1813 that would burn in a gaseous atmosphere and not cause an explosion. His knowledge was essentially practical, learning through trial and error, rather than through theoretical science. The first steam engine powered locomotive to run on railroad, it could haul 30 tons of coal up a hill at 4mph. His father, who worked in the mine operating a steam pump designed to drain the water, made him … George Stephenson was a self-taught English civil and mechanical engineer sometimes called the "Father of Railways". From Wikisource ... STEPHENSON, GEORGE (1781–1848), inventor and founder of railways, second son of Robert Stephenson, fireman at the Wylam colliery, was born at Wylam, eight miles from Newcastle, on 9 June 1781. George Stephenson was an engineer who built the first public railway to use steam trains. In 1814, he combined tramways and steam engine to make the first commercially viable locomotive, Blucher. The 25-mile railway was an important development in steam only railways. Stephenson’s coal mine delivered the first rail cars of coal into Leicester, thus reducing the coal rates dramatically. Wylam was then a mining village, dominated by its colliery, and during his early childhood the family lived in one room of a workmen's cottage. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. From a humble family, he could not afford a formal education. Stephenson wasn’t the first to design a realistic steam engine (that is credited to Richard Trevithick in 1804.) At the age of 17, he entered a coal mine, working as an engineer in Water Row pit, Newburn. The line was 25 miles long and connected collieries at Stockton and Darlington. The proponents of the railway hoped it would make it much easier to transport cloth, produced in Manchester to the port of Liverpool. Stephenson had great faith in the power of railways and he was an important figure in their early development: “George Stephenson told me as a young man that railways will supersede almost all other methods of conveyance in this country — when mail-coaches will go by railway, and railroads will become the great highway for the king and all his subjects. George Stephenson (1781-1848), often termed the father of the railways, was born on the outskirts of Wylam, on the bank of the River Tyne in Northumberland. Stephenson started working as a Newcomen Engine Man at the age of 17 at Water Row Pit in Newburn. Eight locomotives, all of which were built at Stephenson’s Newcastle works, were used on the Liverpool-Manchester line. George and Robert Stephenson The English railway engineers George Stephenson (1781-1848) and his son, Robert Stephenson (1803-1859), pioneered in steam railway engineering, which led directly to the onset of the railway age in Britain. George Stephenson (9 June 1781 – 12 August 1848) was a self-made mechanical engineer, largely credited with building the first railway line and becoming the ‘father of the railways’. Department of Manuscripts and Archives Having spent a better part of his life at coal mines, Stephenson was not naïve to the explosive danger faced by the mining industry. George Stephenson biography. Biography. A local enquiry exonerated Stephenson, and his lamp was used in the northeast and Davy’s in the rest of the country. Fanny died in infancy. George Stephenson, (born June 9, 1781, Wylam, Northumberland, England—died August 12, 1848, Chesterfield, Derbyshire), English engineer and principal inventor of the railroad locomotive. A year before Liverpool and Manchester Railways were to become operational, a contest for the best and most powerful locomotive was held in 1829. People of the Nineteenth Century (1801 to 1900) Nineteenth Century saw the economic boom of the industrial revolution and world-wide movements for political change. Crowds came out in force to see this exciting new technology. Davy was convinced that Stephenson had copied his idea. The workers used naked flames in pits full of inflammable gases. While the successful railroad transportation made Stephenson rich and famous, excavations undertaken to build railway lines led him to discover valuable coal reserves that make him wealthier and more affluent. Because of the limited power of early steam engines, Stephenson tried to keep the railway as flat as possible, therefore the new line required many bridges, viaducts and tunnels. He is known as the “Father of Railways” for his contributions in the field. Source: Smiles, frontispiece. Blucher was essentially created to haul coal. The Stockton and Darlington Railway and the Liverpool and Manchester Railway were projects that paved the way for railway engineers. His rail gauge of 4 ft 8.5 inches became the global standard gauge. Following the success of Hetton Colliery railway, he was appointed as an engineer for the construction of the Stockton and Darlington Railway in 1821. In 1801, Stephenson started working as a brakesman at Black Callerton Colliery. He became an expert with steam machinery after fixing the pumping device in a local mine. Biography. On September 27, 1825, the Stockton and Darlington railway started operating. Stephenson is also credited for coming up with the historic measurement of the rail gauge at four feet eight-and-a-half inches which has become the standard measurement of the railway gauge all over the globe. The success led way to several more railway lines including Liverpool and Manchester Railway and so on. Vol. The engine was designed for hauling coal on Killingworth wagonway and was named Blucher. The couple was blessed with two children, Robert and Fanny. Amidst the ten entries, Rocket, an engine devised by Stephenson and his son emerged as the clear winner. The funeral of George Stephenson took place on 17 August 1848. Biography… Popularly referred to as the Father of Railways, George Stephenson was a British inventor whose pioneering work in the field of civil and mechanical engineering led to the establishment of the world’s first public inter-city railway line that used steam locomotives. He developed the ‘ Rocket ’, an early locomotive, with his son Robert and pioneered rail transport and the development of the first passenger railways. For extra income, he learned to repair shoes, fix clocks and cut clothes. After initially being blocked by Parliament, the project was given the go-ahead and Stephenson was responsible for overseeing the construction. At the time, many explosions were caused by naked flames and, as a result, the Royal Society offered a large reward for a successful lamp. Update information for George Stephenson » Born: May 19, 1920 in England, UK. George Stephenson invented “Steam Locomotive” and “Stephenson’s Rocket” George Stephenson was an English engineer and the inventor of the first steam locomotive. In 1833, a House of Commons committed found Stephenson had an equal share in the invention of the lamp. The boy went to work at an early age and without … His father worked for the Wylam Colliery Pumping Engine as a fireman. Stephenson was involved in a number of romantic relationships before marrying Frances (Fanny) on November 28, 1802 at Newburn Church. Learn about him and his inventions. Rocket sped past at 36mph, breaking all previous records. Add a bio, trivia, and more. Stephenson was born in 1781 in Northumberland and learned to read and write at night school. He took to working as a Newcomen engineman when he was 17. He was chosen as the chief engineer for the Liverpool and Manchester Railways. George led the world in the development of railways. His is a perfect rags to riches story – from being born in a financially weak household to becoming a self-made engineer who not just re-shaped the transportation industry but brought about a major industrial revolution as well. George Stephenson was born on July 9, 1781, at Wylam, near Newcastle-upon-Tyne. His son Robert assisted him in the project. It was opened to great fanfare, and the engine, Locomotion, reached a speed of 24 miles per hour on one stretch – carrying 8 tons of coal and flour. He was buried at Holy Trinity Church, Chesterfield. Journeys which took days could now be completed in a matter of hours. The income was meager and there was no money for education. STEPHENSON’S INVENTIONS Stephenson was aware of the dangers miners faced when they used naked flames while working in the mines. Chesterfield shops closed for … In 1814, he combined tramways and steam engine to make the first commercially viable locomotive, Blucher. His reputation was very high, though he was often more cautious in the building of railways and he became eclipsed by other engineers such as Isambard Kingdom Brunel. BY DAVID ROSS, EDITOR. The plan of such a lamp was seen by several and the lamp itself was in the hands of the manufacturers during the time he was here.”. Born in a financially weak household, education was a luxury which Stephenson could not afford. In 1829, with the line nearing completion, the L & MR (Liverpool and Manchester Railway) had a competition for the best design of a train. Furthermore, his locomotive building business thrived exceptionally well as builders purchased locomotives from Stephenson’s Newcastle Works. Professor Ainger and his co-author Professor Richard Fenner are joint winners of the ICE George Stephenson Gold Medal. George invented his version of the safety lamp around the same time as Sir Humphrey Davy. Quick Links. In 1814, he developed his first engine – Blucher. I know there are great and almost insurmountable difficulties to be encountered; but what I have said will come to pass as sure as you live.”, John Dixon, Life of George Stephenson (1875). Such was the effect that railroad building spread rapidly throughout Britain, Europe, and North America, with Stephenson as the chief engineer for most projects. From sketch comedy to sitcoms, discover four comedy series you can stream to boost your mood. George Stephenson (9 June 1781 – – 12 August 1848) was a self-made mechanical engineer, largely credited with building the first railway line and becoming the ‘father of the railways’. He also has a railway museum in North Shields by the name Stephenson Railway Museum. George Stephenson's Birthplace. In 2002, he was named in the BBC’s list of 100 Greatest Britons. Stephenson became inundated with request to help build railways. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Though Blucher was extremely slow at 4mph, it marked the end of horsepower. Stephenson major contribution has been as the inventor of the first commercial locomotive and railways. In 1817, he built a six-wheeled locomotive for Kilmarnock and Troon Railway. Overall, Stephenson’s contribution has been immense as the inventor of railroad locomotive, http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/yourpaintings/paintings/george-stephenson-17811848-216170, http://www.engineersjournal.ie/proud-to-be-an-engineer-the-future-for-mechanical-engineers/. They did not have any children. 1781–1848 George Stephenson was the inventor of the first commercially successful locomotive, and is considered the "Father of Railways". It became the most successful working steam engine that had ever been constructed. His rail gauge of 4 feet 8+1⁄2 inches (1,435 mm), sometimes called "Stephenson gauge", is the world's standard gauge. The success of the railway led him to patent his cast iron rails. Following year, he married and moved to Willington Quay continuing his work as a brakesman. The line ran from Hetton colliery to Sunderland. The first public trip was in 1825. In 1811, he was promoted as an enginewright for the Killington Colleries after he successfully fixed a pumping engine at High Pit. He later got jobs as a brakesman in different Northeast pits around the area of Newcastle. George Stephenson & Son had been created on the last day of 1824, when Robert was in South America, with the same partners as Robert Stephenson & Co. He was the second child of an illiterate couple, Robert and Mabel Stephenson. Renowned as the […] He also developed a miners safety lamp. The first locomotive for the railway named Locomotion hauled more than 80 tons of coal and flour for nine miles in two hours at a speed of 24 miles per hour on one stretch. Both his parents were illiterate and they did not have enough money to send George to school. Several colleges, schools, institutions and pubic societies have been named after him. His father was a fireman with meagre means. People who changed the world – Famous people who changed the course of history including Socrates, Newton, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Queen Victoria, Catherine the Great, Einstein and Gandhi. Stephenson major contribution has been as the inventor of the first commercial locomotive and railways. The Liverpool and Manchester Railways was inaugurated on September 15, 1830 amidst distinguished luminaries including Prime Minister of Waterloo and Duke of Wellington. “Biography of George Stephenson”, Oxford, www.biographyonline.net 23rd May 2012. Also includes the social activists of the era, such as Charles Dickens. His work set in motion the development of rail transport and greatly accelerated the growth of the Industrial Revolution. Following the success of his first locomotive engine, Stephenson devised 16 more locomotives for Killingworth. The lamp used a cylinder with tiny air holes that restricted the exposure. Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Stephenson, George. George Stephenson Special produced in collaboration with ... station has to be an important reminder of the achievements of one of Britain’s pioneering engineers in terms of benefits to our lives today. George Stephenson, from Samuel Smiles biography of him. George Stephenson: The Remarkable Life of the Founder of the Railway, People Who Made a Difference in Health Care, Facts about the extraordinary life of Joan of Arc. Including Winston Churchill, William Shakespeare, Thomas Cromwell and Queen Elizabeth I. Inventions that changed the world – Famous inventions that made a great difference to the progress of the world, including aluminium, the telephone and the printing press. Though Blucher was extremely slow at 4mph, it marked the end of horsepower. University Archives [uarc] referencedIn: Edward Gaylord Bourne papers, 1874-1970, 1885-1907 Yale University. The decade between 1838 and 1848 was the busiest period for Stephenson as he was flooded with requests from railway builders across the world. George’s entry – ‘The Rocket’ easily won – reaching up to 30mph. George Stephenson (9 June 1781 – 12 August 1848) was an English civil engineer and mechanical engineer who built the first public railway line in the world to use steam locomotives, and he is renowned as being the "Father of Railways". In 1857, the English author Samuel Smiles introduced the literary world to a new breed of man — the eminent engineer. Formed to carry out railway surveys and construction, George and Robert were both listed as chief engineers and responsible for Parliamentary business, and the list of assistant engineers included Joseph Locke, John Dixon, Thomas Longridge … Industrial Revolution (1750s to 1900) The great inventors, entrepreneurs and businessmen of the industrial revolution. It was the first railway to be solely machine-powered and did not use any kind of animal power. From 1990 until 2003, his portrait appeared on the reverse of E £5 notes series issued by the Bank of England. Robert. The village of Wylam, like most other colliery villages, consists of an unsightly pumping engine surrounded by heaps of ashes, coal dust, and slag; an iron-furnace, smoking and blazing by night and day; and a collection … The success of Stockton and Darlington railway multiplied Stephenson’s fame by manifolds. It was the first public steam locomotive railway in the world. George Stephenson is considered to be the inventor of the first steam locomotive engine for railways. This became prominent while Leicester and Swannington railway was in progress. As such, to minimise the risk of explosion, he invented a safety lamp in 1815. George was one of the first to realise the individual railways would soon be joined together so he insisted on a common gauge, which would become the national and global standard. In 1830, the Liverpool to Manchester railway was opened to great enthusiasm. While he was working on this Stephenson became convinced that to be successful, steam railways had to be made as level as possible by civil engineering works. After the birth of his son, he shifted to work at the Killingworth Pit. George was born in Wylam, Northumberland, 9.3 miles (15 km) west of Newcastle upon Tyne. However, his biggest breakthrough came with Stockton and Darlington railway line in 1825. His birthplace home in Wylam has been converted into a historic house museum. George Stephenson was born on June 9, 1781 in the British town of Wylam. In 1822, he created the first machine-powered locomotive railway for the Hetton Colliery. Even the current Prime Minister – The Duke of Wellington was in attendance. Powered by the locomotive Experiment, it carried luminaries in its opening journey. He also devised the miner’s safety lamp and built several bridges. George. Stephenson married for a third time to Ellen Gregory, his housekeeper, on January 11, 1848 at St John's Church in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. He was unable to read and write till t… The railway became an integral element in the new industrial age. See more ideas about steam trains, steam, steam locomotive. Famous for constructing the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, which was the first public, steam-operated, urban rail system in history, this British engineer is also remembered for his development of the world’s standard 4’8.5″ railway track gauge. Stephenson said: “The principles upon which a safety lamp might be constructed I stated to several persons long before Sir Humphrey Davy came into this part of the country. The combination of George Stephenson’s achievements in both civil and mechanical engineering has directly influenced much of our railway infrastructure. George Stephenson was born on June 9, 1781 in Wylam, Northumberland to Robert and Mabel Stephenson. George Stephenson (I) (1920–2001) Sound Department + Add or change photo on IMDbPro » Contribute to IMDb. He died on August 12, 1848, due to pleurisy. Died: June 5, 2001 (age 81) in Cobham, Surrey, England, UK. It may have been the fact that Davy didn’t trust a largely uneducated miner to develop a lamp without the science Davy had used. During the building of Stockton and Darlington Railway, Stephenson created the historic measurement of the rail gauge at four feet eight-and-a-half inches which became the standard measurement of the railway gauge not just in Britain but all over the world. https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/george-stephenson-6418.php, Top NBA Players With No Championship Rings, Celebrities Who Are Not In The Limelight Anymore, 18th Century British Inventors & Discoverers. It was due to him that animal power gave way to steam locomotive that eventually led to world’s first public railway line. Blucher was essentially created to haul coal. George married three times and had two children Robert and Fanny who died in childbirth. Credited with building the world’s first public inter-city railway, this civil and mechanical engineer is popularly known as the Father of Railways. George Robert Stephenson, (born Oct. 20, 1819, Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland, Eng.—died Oct. 26, 1905, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire), pioneer English railroad engineer who assisted his uncle George Stephenson and his cousin Robert Stephenson in their work.. Furthermore, it was Stephenson who devised the four feet eight-and-a-half inches railway gauge that has become a standard gauge by convention for most of the world’s railways till date. The success of laying railroad transportation and the feat of creating a superfast locomotive Rocket gave Stephenson a celebrity status. George Stephenson was born on June 09, 1781 in Wylam, British, is Father of Railways. George believed railways would eventually join together. This double track line between the great cities of Manchester and Liverpool was really the start of the great railway age. He also required great ingenuity to ‘float’ the railway over Chat Moss (a local peat bog). It was potentially a very lucrative project and could be very profitable. Stephenson was the son of a mechanic who operated a Newcomen atmospheric-steam engine that was used to pump out a coal mine at Newcastle upon Tyne. George Stephenson. For his outstanding contribution in civil and mechanical engineering, he has been commemorated variedly. A six-wheeled locomotive for Kilmarnock and Troon railway, 1920 in England, UK famous Britons as by. Standard gauge ’ with minimal gradients to Willington Quay continuing his work as a consultant on railroad. X 8 ½ ”, is Father of railways devised 16 more locomotives for Killingworth machinery after fixing the device! X 8 ½ ”, is credited to him that animal power lamp used a with! 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