But it was rapidly expanding, and already in a position to help its ideological allies, Franco’s Nationalists. At first, the Nationalists’ had tried to claim that the attack was actually led by the Republican movement. Condor report to Berlin made on Feb. 11, 1938: ‘We have notable results in The Basque government trumpeted the attack on Guernica as a ‘terror attack’ figure of 1,687 dead and more than 800 wounded – almost half the population of If The bombing raid failed to destroy the bridge, but one end of the town was thoroughly wrecked, and this met the tactical objective of shutting the road to traffic for 24 hours. other raids targeting small towns in Spain during the war. Introduction Created as an anti-war protest piece in response to the 1937 aerial bombing of a small town in northern Spain, Guernica quickly became one of Pablo Picasso’s most-recognized Cubist paintings—and for very good reason. The Luftwaffe’s expeditionary force —the Legion Condor — launched the world’s first major airlift to bring Franco’s troops to Spain. Over the next three years it sent its best pilots and newest aircraft — the Bf 109, He 111 and Ju 87 Stuka — to join the fight and develop the Luftwaffe’s doctrine, tactics and combat experience. attack and described scenes of horrific devastation. It was market day, however, and this number was swollen by the large number of outsiders visiting the town. The . By this time, Guernica was firmly established in the art world as a modern masterpiece, transcending its role as a … Pablo Picasso was inspired to paint his great work `Guernica’ which The horrible inspiration behind one of Picasso's great works Painted in the wake of a 1937 fascist bombing, "Guernica" has grown to stand for war atrocities experienced all over the world. However, the Nationalist Army, just a few miles from Guernica, failed to move up quickly and trapped the Basque Army. easy to find and can be thoroughly destroyed by carpet bombing.’ In the report, During the Spanish Civil War, the Republican forces were made up of assorted factions such as communists, socialists, anarchists, and others with differing goals. Mural in Guernica based on the Picasso painting. Guernica is an icon of modern art, the Mona Lisa for our time. operational rationale in bombing towns like Guernica was explained in a Legion In Vidal's view, such a mission would have typically used 10-kilogram bombs, and no incendiaries. The 1936–39 Spanish Civil War took a brutal turn with the April 26, 1937, bombing of that Republican-held medieval Basque town by German and Italian planes with the permission of Nationalist Generalissimo Francisco Franco. America. When the Spanish Republican government requested a painting from Picasso for the Spanish Pavilion at the 1937 Paris World’s Fair, it only took a few months for Picasso to produce the iconic Guernica . PICASSO HADN’T BEEN TO SPAIN IN OVER THREE YEARS. verschollen", National Galleries of Scotland – Le Drapeau Noir, http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPguernica.ht, Fleeing Franco: How Wales gave shelter to refugee children from the Basque country during the Spanish Civil War, Guernica: The Biography of a Twentieth-Century Icon, "Mis Mentiras Favoritas: Guernica fue incendiada por los rojos", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9weVo7tCvjc, Ibarretxe reclama 'para siempre' el 'Guernica', http://www.artnet.com/artwork/426192928/425934316/rene-iche-guernica.html, "Guernica recuerda el 70º aniversario de los bombardeos con un espíritu de paz", "Survivors of the Bombing of Guernica and Dresden Appeal against a War in Iraq", "Press Release : Survivors of the Bombing of Guernica and Dresden", Dr. Tadatoshi Akiba, "Message from the Mayor of Hiroshima, 70th Anniversary of the Bombing of Gernika", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bombing_of_Guernica&oldid=1022175156, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles with dead external links from November 2016, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2007, Articles needing additional references from April 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. With the target covered in smoke the successive waves of bombers dropped their bombs into the area of the town centre. The Germans dropped about 32 tons of high-explosive and incendiary bombs on the town, with the Renteria Bridge as the aim point. Ironically, a news event written to alert the world to German brutality and gain international sympathy for the Spanish Republic ended up as Hitler’s greatest victory in the Spanish Civil War. The attack on Guernica occurred just weeks before the Exposition’s May 25 opening, and it would take Picasso until June to finish the mural. the town as casualties. were not effective in hitting precise targets. During the early days of the Spanish Civil War, German pilots took part in the savage bombing of the Basque town of Guernica. He has reported from Europe and flown Super Puma and Cougar helicopters with the Swiss Air Force. The wildly exaggerated reports of the bombing (the actual count for civilians killed at Guernica was 300, not 1,687) gave the world the impression that the Luftwaffe could easily raze entire cities to the ground — something, certainly not within the capabilities of the Luftwaffe in 1937 or 1938, or even in 1940. Here’s why the bombing of Guernica was Hitler’s greatest victory in the Spanish Civil War. break the will of the Basque population. Guernica offered a chance for operational-level interdiction. Why was the attack on the town of Guernica disturbing to so many observers outside of Spain? We have had great success because these targets are not yet arrived. Guernica In April 1937, Guernica was the first city to be deliberately targeted for aerial bombing. Launched in 2016 by Dario Leone, an Italian lifelong - aviation geek, this blog is the right place where you can share your passion and meet other aviation enthusiasts from all over the world. During the next three days the Army cleared the road through Guernica and evacuated its forces over the Renteria bridge. Due to the lingering divisions from the conflict, the event remains a source of emotion and public recrimination. Reconnaissance missions had been ordered as a prerequisite before raids around built-up areas on 6 January 1937. This page was last edited on 8 May 2021, at 22:55. As told by Dr James S. Corum in his book Legion Condor 1936-39 the Luftwaffe develops Blitzkrieg in the Spanish Civil War, the Legion Condor also played the lead role in the single most famous incident of the Spanish Civil War — the air attack on Guernica, a small Basque town located close behind the Republican Army lines. At 4.30pm on Apr. 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