In 1721 Innocent XII made him cardinal. In the negotiations preceding the Peace of Utrecht (1713) the rights of the pope were studiously neglected; his nuncio was not accorded a hearing; his dominions were parcelled out to suit the convenience of either party. Holy See | New York: Robert Appleton Company. The latter was finally persuaded that it was his duty to obey the call from Heaven; on 30 November he was consecrated bishop, and on 8 December solemnly enthroned in the Vatican. Titular | Deceased | At the age of twenty-eight he was made a prelate, and governed successively Rieti, Sabina, and Orvieto, everywhere acceptable on account of his reputation for justice and prudence. During the conclave Charles II, the last of the Spanish Hapsburgs, had died childless, leaving his vast dominions a prey to French and Austrian ambition. He bestowed the offices of his court upon the most worthy subjects and ordered his brother to keep at a distance and refrain from adopting any new title or interfering in matters of state. Shahan, T. (1907). . Youngest | Events: In the unfortunate controversy between the Dominican and the Jesuit missionaries in China concerning the permissibility of certain rites and customs, Clement decided in favour of the former. Necrology This was at the time unknown to the emperor, else Austria would have vetoed the election of Albani. a Holy Day of obligation, and canonized Pius V, Andrew of Avellino, Felix of Cantalice, and Catherine of Bologna. With equal ardour and success, he applied himself to the profounder branches, theology and law, and was created doctor of canon and civil law. elem.type = "text/javascript"; Leopold died in 1705 and was succeeded by his oldest son Joseph, a worthy precursor of Joseph II. MLA citation. Simoni a warm embrace. The period was critical for Europe and the papacy. He made rapid progress and was known as an author at the age of eighteen, translating from the Greek into elegant Latin. s.src = '//' + __mtm[1] + '/mtm.js'; March 1, 1907. Cardinal Electors He also found time to preach his beautiful homilies and was frequently to be seen in the confessional. In the government of the States of the Church, Clement was a capable administrator. My email address is webmaster at newadvent.org. Bishops: Eastern Catholic Churches. The editor of New Advent is Kevin Knight. On 13 February, 1690, he was created cardinal-deacon and later Cardinal-Priest of the Title of San Silvestro, and was ordained to the priesthood. The pope's action, though often derided and misinterpreted, was natural enough, not only because the bestowal of royal titles had always been regarded as the privilege of the Holy See, but also because Prussia belonged by ancient right to the ecclesiastico-military institute known as the Teutonic Order. . "Pope Clement XI." Clement at first offered a spirited resistance, but, abandoned by all, could not hope for success, and when a strong detachment of Protestant troops under the command of the Prince of Hesse-Cassel reached Bologna, fearing a repetition of the fearful scenes of 1527, he finally gave way (15 Jan., 1709), acknowledged the Archduke Charles as King of Spain "without detriment to the rights of another", and promised him the investiture of Naples. Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads. Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... A distinguished Italian family, said to be descended from Albanian refugees of the fifteenth century. "Albani." Giovanni Francesco was sent to Rome in his eleventh year to prosecute his studies at the Roman College. Please help support the mission of New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download. See also on the Albani, VISCONTI in Famiglie di Roma (I), and VON REUMONT in Beitrâge zur ital. When Prince Eugene won the great battle of Temesvár, which put an end to the Turkish danger, no slight share of the credit was given by the Christian world to the pope and the Holy Rosary. (2d ed. s.async = 1; Ad Limina | Councils Nihil Obstat. He gave a generous hospitality to the exiled son of James II of England, James Edward Stuart, and helped him to obtain the hand of Clementina, John Sobieski's accomplished granddaughter, mother of Charles Edward. Pope Giovanni Francesco Albani (born 23 Jul 1649, died 19 Mar 1721) Pope of Roma {Rome} Consistory - February 1690 : Created Cardinal Conclave - 1691 : Participated When the Jansenists provoked a new collision with the Church under the leadership of Quesnel, Pope Clement issued his two memorable Constitutions, "Vineam Domini", 16 July, 1705, and "Unigenitus", 10 September, 1713 (see UNIGENITUS; VINEAM DOMINI; JANSENISM). Clement laboured hard to restore harmony in Poland, but without success. When Clement answered with bann and interdict, all the clergy, about 3000 in number, who remained loyal to the Holy See were banished the island, and the pope was forced to give them food and shelter. Vol. When the latter became Pius V, he invited Albani to Rome, made him a cardinal (1570), and employed him on diplomatic missions, among them being the formation of an alliance of Christian princes against the Turks Gian Girolamo was a distinguished canonist, and was accounted by his contemporaries a man of "solid judgment rare erudition and eloquence, free and firm in his decisions, pleasant and temperate in speech, in every way a grave and reliable person". Imprimatur. "https://secure" : "http://edge") + ".quantserve.com/quant.js"; Jahrbuch, 1882, III, 208 sqq.). A contest immediately began on the question known as Jus primarum precum, involving the right of the crown to appoint to vacant benefices. Structured View (Frankfort, 1721); NOVAES, Elementi della storia de' sommi pontefici da S. Pietro fino a Pio VI (Rome, 1821-25); LANDAU, Rom, Wien, Neapel wâhrend des spanischen Erbfolgekrieges (Leipzig, 1885); HERGENRÖTHER-KIRSCH, Kirschengeschichte (4th ed., Freiburg, 1907), III. (function() { The interdict was not raised till 1718, when Spain regained possession, but the old controversy was repeatedly resumed under the Bourbons. Every day he confessed and celebrated Mass. Lit." He entered the priesthood at the earnest insistence of Clement XI, but gave no little trouble to that Pope because of his worldly and undisciplined life. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Brother Fred Dillenburg (Christian Brothers). An uncle, Annibale Albani, was a distinguished scholar and was Prefect of the Vatican Library. Roman Curia | elem.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? var e = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; Cardinals by Rank Albani," Rome, 1790). Sicily was given to Victor Amadeus II of Savoy, with whom from the first days of his pontificate Clement was involved in quarrels on the subjects of ecclesiastical immunities and appointments to vacant benefices. The new king now undertook to revive the so-called Monarchia Sicula, an ancient but much-disputed and abused privilege of pontifical origin which practically excluded the pope from any authority over the church in Sicily.

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