The specific layer he found, named the Merensky Reef, contains around 75% of the world's known platinum. The metal was used by pre-Columbian Indians but platinum was "rediscovered" in South America by Ulloa in 1735 and by Wood in 1741. For online linking, please copy and paste one of the following: To cite this page in an academic document, please use the following MLA compliant citation: this website really helped me with my science project, Actinium – Aluminum – Americium – Antimony – Argon – Arsenic – Astatine, Barium – Berkelium – Beryllium – Bismuth – Bohrium – Boron – Bromine, Cadmium – Calcium – Californium – Carbon – Cerium – Cesium – Chlorine – Chromium – Cobalt – Copernicium – Copper – Curium, Darmstadtium – Dubnium – Dysprosium – Einsteinium – Erbium – Europium, Fermium – Flerovium – Fluorine – Francium – Gadolinium – Gallium – Germanium – Gold, Hafnium – Hassium – Helium – Holmium – Hydrogen – Indium – Iodine – Iridium – Iron, Krypton – Lanthanum – Lawrencium – Lead – Lithium – Livermorium – Lutetium, Magnesium – Manganese – Meitnerium – Mendelevium – Mercury – Molybdenum – Moscovium, Neodymium – Neon – Neptunium – Nickel – Nihonium – Niobium – Nitrogen – Nobelium – Oganesson – Osmium – Oxygen, Palladium – Phosphorus – Platinum – Plutonium – Polonium – Potassium – Praseodymium – Promethium – Protactinium, Radium – Radon – Rhenium – Rhodium – Roentgenium – Rubidium – Ruthenium – Rutherfordium, Samarium – Scandium – Seaborgium – Selenium – Silicon – Silver – Sodium – Strontium – Sulfur, Tantalum – Technetium – Tellurium – Tennessine – Terbium – Thallium – Thorium – Thulium – Tin – Titanium – Tungsten, Uranium – Vanadium – Xenon – Ytterbium – Yttrium – Zinc – Zirconium, Copyright © 2020 chemicool.com Because of its scarcity in Earth's crust, only a few hundred tonnes are produced annually, and given its important uses, it is highly valuable and is a major precious metal commodity.[5]. Platinum hexafluoride is a strong oxidizer capable of oxidizing oxygen. Platinum is one of the least reactive metals. The first written account of platinum was from Julius C Scaliger in 1557. Since platinum is acting as a catalyst, it is not consumed in the reaction. The remaining 28.9 tonnes went to various other minor applications, such as medicine and biomedicine, glassmaking equipment, investment, electrodes, anticancer drugs, oxygen sensors, spark plugs and turbine engines. It is the only stable isotope with a non-zero spin; with a spin of 1/2, 195Pt satellite peaks are often observed in 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy (i.e., Pt-phosphine and Pt-alkyl complexes). It was often simply thrown away, and there was an official decree forbidding the adulteration of gold with platinum impurities. However, the extent of early Egyptians' knowledge of the metal is unclear. In 1741, Charles Wood,[53] a British metallurgist, found various samples of Colombian platinum in Jamaica, which he sent to William Brownrigg for further investigation. Platinum-cobalt, an alloy of roughly three parts platinum and one part cobalt, is used to make relatively strong permanent magnets. The most abundant is 195Pt at 33.8%. [80] Some products, such as blenders and vehicles, with a silvery-white color are identified as "platinum". [13] It is also attacked by chlorine, bromine, iodine, and sulfur. Chemistry Dictionary | Birth of the Elements | Tools | Periodic Table | Citing Chemicool | About | Privacy | Contact. 190Pt and 198Pt are predicted to have energetically favorable double beta decay paths. Source: Platinum is an extremely rare metal and can be found uncombined in alluvial deposits often accompanied by small amounts of other platinum family metals. Platinum(II) and platinum(IV) bromides are known as well. Ulloa also anticipated the discovery of platinum mines. Although gold is also used in industrial applications, especially in electronics due to its use as a conductor, its demand is not so driven by industrial uses. The platinum metals are extremely rare elements; platinum itself is the most common, with an abundance in the Earth's crust of about a millionth of 1 percent, whereas the others of the group have abundances of about one ten millionth of 1 percent. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Platinum was discovered by South American peoples who produced artifacts of a white gold-platinum alloy. It is greyish white metallic element commonly mixed with other metals for instance, osmium, nickel or iridium. Naturally occurring platinum is a mixture of six isotopes and they are found in the percentages shown: 190Pt (0.01%), 192Pt (0.78%), 194Pt (33.0%), 195Pt (33.8%), 196Pt (25.2%) and 198Pt (7.2%). This website uses cookies to improve your experience. In fact, his technique forms the basis for the modern platinum metallurgy. [9] Platinum(II,IV) oxide, Pt3O4, is formed in the following reaction: Unlike palladium acetate, platinum(II) acetate is not commercially available. The Food and Drug Administration and other institutions have reviewed the issue and found no evidence to suggest toxicity in vivo. This experiment wasn't shared with the rest of the scientific community until 1946, … [46][47], The metal was used by pre-Columbian Americans near modern-day Esmeraldas, Ecuador to produce artifacts of a white gold-platinum alloy. [51], In 1735, Antonio de Ulloa and Jorge Juan y Santacilia saw Native Americans mining platinum while the Spaniards were travelling through Colombia and Peru for eight years. [21][22] It is sometimes mistaken for silver. Used by the pre-Columbian Indians of South America, platinum wasn't noticed by western scientists until 1735. Platinum also has 34 synthetic isotopes ranging in atomic mass from 165 to 204, making the total number of known isotopes 40. For example, a small box from burial of Shepenupet II was found to be decorated with gold-platinum hieroglyphics. Most platinum is derived from a mineral called cooperite, also known as platinum sulfide. Another large alluvial deposit is in the Ural Mountains, Russia, and it is still mined. 190Pt is the least abundant at only 0.01%. [10][11] The metal has excellent resistance to corrosion, is stable at high temperatures and has stable electrical properties. Around 1742, a British “iron master” discovered platinum in smuggled alluvial gold deposits from Colombia, US. Platinum was first discovered in Colombia, South America, where it received its name platina from plata (silver). [24], In 1865, chromites were identified in the Bushveld region of South Africa, followed by the discovery of platinum in 1906. [29], Large platinum deposits are present in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. He is credited with discovering this metal in South America around the year 1735. … [84][85] Platinum has been identified by the FDA as a "fake cancer 'cure'". Platinum is considered a precious metal, although its use is not as common as the use of gold or silver. Most platinum isotopes decay by some combination of beta decay and alpha decay. This failed to cause much of a stir though, and platinum was more or less forgotten for the next two hundred years. Watson F. R. 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Cooperite occurs in the Merensky Reef within the Bushveld complex, Gauteng, South Africa. Origin of name : from the Spanish word " platina " meaning " silver ". It is also found in the mineral cooperite (PtS). Platinum acts as a catalyst for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. [39] Platinum also exhibits negative oxidation states at surfaces reduced electrochemically. [73], During periods of sustained economic stability and growth, the price of platinum tends to be as much as twice the price of gold, whereas during periods of economic uncertainty,[74] the price of platinum tends to decrease due to reduced industrial demand, falling below the price of gold. It … This led to inconsistent results in his experiments. [63], The most common use of platinum is as a catalyst in chemical reactions, often as platinum black. Less forgotten for the decomposition of hydrogen reduces it to elemental platinum Caesar Scaliger in 1557,! 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