In Greek mythology, Heracles (son of Zeus) and many other figures were considered to be sons of gods through union with mortal women. The doctrine of the Trinity identifies Jesus as God the Son, identical in essence but distinct in person with regard to God the Father and God the Holy Spirit (the first and third Persons of the Trinity). It is natural to assume that its use in application to Jesus is derived from one or other of its Old Testament uses; and the one almost universally fixed upon by modern scholarship as that from which it was derived is the fourth mentioned above--that to the Jewish kings. Based on the Bible, several kings of Damascus took the title son of Hadad. [26] However, his son the king Bar-Rakib was not a native of Damascus but rather the ruler of Sam'al it is unknown if other rules of Sam'al used similar language. All rights reserved. [33], Later, Tiberius (emperor from 14–37 AD) came to be accepted as the son of divus Augustus and Hadrian as the son of divus Trajan. [37] Shoghi Effendi, the head of the Baháʼí Faith in the first half of the 20th century, also noted that the term does not indicate that the station of Jesus is superior to other prophets and messengers that Baháʼís name Manifestations of God, including Buddha, Muhammad and Baha'u'llah among others. There is a saying of Jesus (Mark 13:32) about His own Sonship which may seem to refute the church doctrine on the subject, as in it He confesses ignorance of the date of His Second Coming: "Of that day or that hour knoweth no one, not even the angels in heaven, neither the Son, but the Father." Secondly, in Luke 3:38 it is applied to the first man; and from the parable of the Prodigal Son it may be argued that it is applicable to all men. [1][13][14][15], The title "Son of Heaven" i.e. When, however, it is applied to Him by others, He accepts it in such a way as to assert His claim to it. No doubt it is ethical--that is to say, He is like the Father in feeling, mind and will--but it does not follow that it is not at the same time metaphysical. [30] The line between been god and god-like was at times less than clear to the population at large, and Augustus seems to have been aware of the necessity of keeping the ambiguity. The contexts and ways in which Jesus' title, Son of God, means something more than or other than Messiah remain the subject of ongoing scholarly study and discussion. Thirdly, it is applied to the Hebrew nation, as when, in Exodus 4:22, Yahweh says to Pharaoh, "Israel is my son, my first-born," the reason being that Israel was the object of Yahweh's special love and gracious choice. [7][8][9][10][7] Jesus is called "son of God," while followers of Jesus are called, "sons of God". Alleged Equivalence to "Messiah"--Personal Sense Implied. However, Jesus is referred to as the "son of Man" (literally: "Human being") 81 times in the books of the Bible. "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". Not infrequently has the word "Messianic" been allowed by scholars to blind them to the most obvious facts. There is a Johannine flavor in these words, and they reveal an intimacy of the Son with the Father, as well as a power over all things, which could not have been conferred by mere official appointment, unless there had been in the background a natural position warranting the official standing. In Islam Jesus is believed to be born due to the command of God (Allah) "be". Indeed, it is frequently asserted that in the Jewish literature between the Old Testament and the New Testament, it is found already coined as a title for the Messianic king; but the instances quoted by Dalman and others in proof of this are far from satisfactory. [53][54] There are two instances where Jewish kings are figuratively referred to as a god. [23]:150 The Jewish variant of theocracy can be thought of as a representative theocracy where the king is viewed as God's surrogate on earth. [60]:45–46 Based on its dating the text seems to refer to Simon of Peraea, one of the three leaders of this revolt. [2] In Psalms, David is called "son of God", even commanded to proclaim that he is God's "begotten son" on the day he was made king. It is debated if this figure represents the royal messiah, a future evil gentile king or something else. When the title has such a range of application, it is obvious that the Divinity of Christ cannot be inferred from the mere fact that it is applied to Him. By these words, it is usually assumed, He was designated as the Messiah; but in the adjective "beloved," and the words "in whom I am well pleased," there is something personal, beyond the merely official recognition. Rather, prayers concerning the king are addressed directly to god. Nontrinitarian Christians accept the application to Jesus of the term "Son of God", which is found in the New Testament. The New Testament Greek word used for "son" are "pias" and "paida" which mean "servant", or "son in the sense of servant". Go ye therefore, and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them into the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit: teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I commanded you: and lo, I am with you always, even unto the end of the world." That is to say, Jesus was the Messiah because He was the Son of God. 5. [28] As a daring and unprecedented move, Augustus used this title to advance his political position in the Second Triumvirate, finally overcoming all rivals for power within the Roman state. [65], In both Joseph and Aseneth and the related text The Story of Asenath, Joseph is referred to as the son of God. For the 2002 Nas album, see, a stela erected by Bar-Rakib for his father Panammuwa II, Son of God (Christianity) § Old Testament usage, Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament, "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: Sons of God (New Testament)", "Panammuwa and Bar-Rakib: two structural analyses", "Tablet ignites debate on messiah and resurrection", "The Story of Asenath" and "Joseph and Aseneth", Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Study of Jesus, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God&oldid=983598166, Articles with dead external links from March 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 15 October 2020, at 04:23. Evidently the Son is above not only men but angels, and, if it is confessed that He is ignorant of anything, this is mentioned as a matter of surprise. This is a physical reason, akin to that on account of which the angels or the first man received the title; but it is rather curious that this point of view does not seem to be adopted elsewhere, unless it be in the exclamation of the centurion at the foot of the cross, "Truly this was the Son of God" (Matthew 27:54). The conclusion would seem to be that He is a being intermediate between the angels and God; but this impression is corrected by the greatest of all the sayings in which He calls Himself the Son (Matthew 28:18-20), "All authority hath been given unto me in heaven and on earth.

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