The last scale we can look at is globally, because there are huge • High income country (HIC) - a country that has a GNI per capita of $12,746 or above according to the World Bank. Learn about and revise contrasts in development with GCSE Bitesize Geography (AQA). This is a total sum, and shows the overall size of the Surely if people are ranked as happy then their country or region is developed! 8. on effect on the well-being and quality of life of a person. Development relates to “the progress of a country in terms of economic growth, the use of technology and human welfare.” Development levels vary around the world and we can study this on a local scale, and consider with our own community how different groups of people on one estate might be wealthier and have a better quality of life than others. E.g. 6. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); 3. The Exam board expects you to know the definitions below, but there are We could look at development a • Social – relating to the development of the people of the place and; Economic, relating to the finances and wealth of the place. People per doctor - How many people there are for every doctor in a country or place. better quality of life than others. measures of development of places before coming to a judgment about its This is something we take for granted in the UK, but according The Geography of development is all about how wealth and the quality of Literacy rate Human Development Index, because it combines together economic and national scale, and consider how health and wealth change across the - The last scale we can look at is globally, because there are huge differences between the quality of life between countries and continents. The most powerful individual number or measure is probable the Human Development Index, because it combines together economic and social measures into one figure. study this on a local scale, and consider with our own community how - What percentage of the country is able to read and write as adults. 2. Access to safe water Some countries may have imbalances in these measures, so a country may have very high levels of wealth and economic development, but poor levels of political freedom so poor political and social development. Countries include Bangladesh and Mali. Surely if people are ranked as happy then 3. 4. its 780 million people lack access to safe water and 3.4million die every 5. (life expectancy is lower in Scotland than it is in England for example). We could look at development a planning and contraception, and a tradition for large family size to • Economic, relating to the finances and wealth of the place. We tend to find that the poorest countries have high birth GNI per head many other Indicators of development that you could investigate; 1. Access to safe water - What percentage of people have access to sanitary and safe water that is free from bacteria and parasites. 780 million people lack access to safe water and 3.4million die every enhanced, whilst profits flowing out of the country from a company such It is therefore better to look at a NUMBER of different 9. Infant mortality - How many babies die per 1,000 live births per year. 2. Development levels vary around the world and we can study this on a local scale, and consider with our own community how different groups of people on one estate might be wealthier and have a better quality of life than others. We could look at development a national scale, and consider how health and wealth … but poor levels of political freedom so poor political and social These are poorer countries that have mainly primary jobs such as farming and mining. This is powerful as it includes both economic and social factors. It Human Development Index (HDI) – This is a composite (combined) measure that considers life expectancy, GNI and an education index to give a value between 0 and 1, 1 being the most developed. to The Exam board expects you to know the definitions below, but there are many other Indicators of development that you could investigate; 1. Some countries may have imbalances in these measures, so a not take into account population size as shown in the example below. It includes the total value of goods and services produced within a country (i.e. 1 being the most developed. People per doctor taxes. year from a water related disease. Studying development is about measuring how developed one country is compared to other countries, or to the same country in the past. Life expectancy - The average age a person can expect to live to at birth. differences between the quality of life between countries and The Geography of development is all about how wealth and the quality of life of people living on our planet varies from place to place. - How many babies die per 1,000 live births per year. There are 3 very broad groups of countries; • Low income country (LIC) – countries that have a GNI per capita of $1,045 according to the World Bank. They differ from LICs in that they no longer rely primarily on agriculture, have made gains in infrastructure and industrial growth, and are experiencing increasing incomes and high levels of investment. GDP is part of GNI. How many babies are born per 1000 people in a population per year. Brazil, Russia, China and South Africa (the so-called BRICS countries). Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. GNI is therefore different to GDP because it includes it! The Geography of development is all about how wealth and the quality of To assess the economic development of a country, geographers use economic indicators including: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year. These measures can be classified as; It is therefore better to look at a NUMBER of different measures of development of places before coming to a judgment about its level of development. Human Development Index (HDI) better quality of life than others. For example: Health. This is a useful measure as it indicates the medical systems in the country and how well the most vulnerable in society, the very young, are protected and looked after in their early years. There are 2 very Again, this indicates how much money is available in a country These are richer countries that have lots of industry and service jobs such as the UK and Japan. by Rob Gamesby is licensed under a. rates, and wealthier countries have lower births rates. Brazil and the UK have very similar GNPs in 2011, but the UK together with its income received from other countries (such as interest GNI is therefore different to GDP because it includes it! Happy Planet This is another social measure, and helps to indicate the standard of education within a country or place. in the country and how well the most vulnerable in society, the very development. level of Development of a place. This is because poorer countries have high replacement rates – This is a composite (combined) measure that considers life supplement a largely agricultural workforce. life of people living on our planet varies from place to place. finances and wealth of the place; and Political, relating to the This is a very useful indicator as it reveals how good food security, water quality, shelter and medical care are in a country. • Social – relating to the development of the people of the place and; However, I quite like the 8. Life expectancy security, water quality, shelter and medical care are in a country. This is a very useful indicator as it reveals how good food Water.org different groups of people on one estate might be wealthier and have a for the training and recruitment of doctors, which has an instant knock year from a water related disease. – how much money a country earns as a population excluding business Geographers use a series of development indicators to compare the development of one region against another. - Gross national income is a measure of the country’s wealth. factors. to compensate for high infant mortality, poorer access to family There are a huge number of measures that can be used to measure the GNP -Gross National Product There are a huge number of measures that can be used to measure the level of Development of a place. GDP is part of GNI. development of the people of the place; Economic, relating to the Infant mortality their country or region is developed! Again, this indicates how much money is available in a country for the training and recruitment of doctors, which has an instant knock on effect on the well-being and quality of life of a person. We can countries. These measures can be classified as Social – relating to the How many people die per 1000 people in a population per year. 5. life of people living on our planet varies from place to place. It would be better to look at CAUSE of death, as in MEDCs it There are, GDP is part of GNI. So if a Different economic and social measures of development, “the progress of a country in terms of economic growth, the use of technology and human welfare.”. This is powerful as it includes both economic and social differences between the quality of life between countries and - The average age a person can expect to live to at birth. So if a British-based company such as BP sends profits back to the UK our GNI is enhanced, whilst profits flowing out of the country from a company such as Nissan to Japan will count to Japan’s GNI and not the UKs. includes the total value of goods and services produced within a country This is something we take for granted in the UK, but according to Water.org 780 million people lack access to safe water and 3.4million die every year from a water related disease. 9. The last scale we can look at is globally, because there are huge GNI per head - Gross national income is a measure of the country’s wealth. Birth Rates - How many babies are born per 1000 people in a population per year. death rates fall due to imported medicine and technology in many poorer - British Isles (, life We need to be very careful when using this measure, as it does We tend to find that the poorest countries have high birth rates, and wealthier countries have lower births rates. 6. level of development. 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