For papers published from 1960 until 1995, the citations received in 1996–2017 are also included in the calculations, but the citations received up to 1995 are not. Learn more about the important authors throughout history, which includes poets, playwrights, novelists, essayists, and biographers. Another two with modestly larger differences still did not shift by much in terms of their percentile ranking across all authors, with changes of 1% and 2% on the percentile ranking, respectively. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000384. Yes We offer two versions of the database. a dash (-) indicates that publication was spread over that period. Community Page Some of the earliest authors to make a living from their writing were the Elizabethan playwrights, the most famous of which was William Shakespeare (1564–1616). The creators of some of the most whimsical, witty, thought-provoking, and powerful children’s books of all time—including Lewis Carroll, Dr. Seuss, Beatrix Potter, Maurice Sendak, and Laura Ingalls Wilder, among many others—are presented in this exciting volume. Throughout the 20th century, partnership with publishers was the primary way authors got their books into the hands of readers. Affiliation Cite it. The constructed database shows, for each scientist, the values for each of the six metrics that are used in the calculation of the composite as well as the composite indicator itself, and all indicators are given with and without self-citations. Our databases also allow this approach. We repeated the same exact analyses for career-long data until the end of 2018 (as opposed to the end of 2017) using a timestamped Scopus data set released on April 22, 2019. Citation metrics are widely used and misused. PLOS Biology provides an Open Access platform to showcase your best research and commentary across all areas of biological science. Therefore, only one affiliation is provided even though scientists may have worked in several institutions. We offer the means to practice routinely such an approach. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. to help online readers and avoid unnecessary duplication of effort by “electronic republishers”. Overall, whole-career metrics place young scientists at a disadvantage. Departments of Medicine, Health Research and Policy, Biomedical Data Science, and Statistics and Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Affiliation Gale databases offer researchers or teachers access to credible, up-to-date publications for research or teaching. No, Is the Subject Area "Citation analysis" applicable to this article? For practical purposes, it is usually desirable to have a set of bibliometric indicators, each emphasizing a different aspect of the scientific impact of a scientist [6]. Featured books include related titles that can help users build a reading list based on the sort of literature of interest to them, and perhaps discover a new favorite author. Field- and subfield-specific percentiles are also provided for all scientists who have published at least five papers. The other version (supplementary Table S2, http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/btchxktzyw.1#file-b9b8c85e-6914-4b1d-815e-55daefb64f5e) is calculated using data for citations in a single calendar year, 2017. No, PLOS is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation, #C2354500, based in San Francisco, California, US, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000384, https://hcr.clarivate.com/worlds-influential-scientific-minds, http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/btchxktzyw.1#file-ad4249ac-f76f-4653-9e42-2dfebe5d9b01, http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/btchxktzyw.1#file-b9b8c85e-6914-4b1d-815e-55daefb64f5e, http://science-metrix.com/?q=en/classification, http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/btchxktzyw.1#file-e30a1e62-daf4-49f1-b1ca-484a979f6500, http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/btchxktzyw.1#file-bade950e-3343-43e7-896b-fb2069ba3481, http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/btchxktzyw.1#file-5d904ef8-fc87-4dbf-aaa7-ad33db9ac561. We hope that the availability of standardized, field-annotated data will help achieve a more nuanced use of metrics, avoiding some of the egregious errors of raw bean-counting that are prevalent in misuse of citation metrics. The lives of some of the most prolific and popular authors of these genres are surveyed in this compelling volume. The database management system (DBMS) is the software that interacts with end users, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze the data. Search the database to find exactly what you’re looking for! thru 1963 the copyright status also depends on whether the initial copyright was renewed – The second part of the British Literary Manuscripts Online series, British Literary Manuscripts Online: Medieval and Renaissance offers students and researchers unprecedented online access to nearly 400,000 pages of rare manuscripts from the Medieval and Early Modern periods, c.1100 to 1660. Fantastical realms, enchanted creatures, and imaginative technologies are but a few of the many elements that draw readers to the science fiction and fantasy genres of literature. The database can also be used to perform evaluations of groups of individuals, e.g., at the level of scientific fields, institutions, countries, or memberships in diversely defined groups that may be of interest to users. We also provide data on the number of citing papers and on the ratio of citations divided by the number of citing papers. The precision/recall is higher as of April, 2019 at 99.9% and >94%, and the gold set used is also larger now, with >10,000 author records. Among the top 150 in terms of composite indicator for 1996–2017, we found 20 who had two records and three who had three records among the top 1,000,000 records. but sometimes errors exist in the sources, or are introduced in transcriptions or understanding, For the vast majority of scientists, it is likely that percentile ranking may take many years to change substantially; therefore, the current databases that we have compiled can be used meaningfully for several years by the wider community before a new update is needed. No, Is the Subject Area "Immunology" applicable to this article? but different forms occur in different places, the sources don't always make clear what was used, Literature     |     American Literature     |     Bibliography     |     British Literature    |     Children's and Young Adult Literature     |     Fiction Works     |     Literature Criticism     |     World Literature. Thus, one can see the relative citation density of different fields. Inappropriate merging may also be suspected when the top subfields are not contiguous, e.g., diabetes and particle physics. Metrics with and without self-citations and ratio of citations to citing papers are given. Alternatively, they may point to situations of spurious “citation farms.”. Find information about venues that host readings and author events, including bookstores, bars, cafes, libraries, literary arts centers, and more. by cataloging the dates of death of authors, to enable the determination of the expiry of their copyright where a “life + x years” rule applies. Sketches typically have personal information, career history, writings, biographical and critical sources, authors’ comments, and informative essays about their lives and work. Nevertheless, a few scientists still have their work split into multiple author records in Scopus; however, even then, one record usually carries the lion’s share of citations. Nevertheless, our databases still have limitations that have been discussed in detail previously in describing the methodology behind the composite indicator [2]. Click here for more information on getting the most out of the database. Few stories have the power to stay with us the way the tales we hear in childhood do. Elsevier runs Scopus, which is the source of this data, and also runs Mendeley Data where the database is now stored. We cannot emphasize enough that use of these metrics needs to be prudent. We examined in depth a random sample of 500 author records among the top 1,000,000 records according to the 1996–2017 composite indicator, and we found 13 authors who had been split into two records each. While playwrights could earn a living through ticket sales, authors of other types of literary works couldn’t profit from their writing because written works were considered to be in the public domain and so were freely copied without regard to compensating the original author. Moreover, for very early career scientists, any citation metrics would have limited use since these researchers may not have published much yet and their papers would not have time to accrue citations. Want to browse examples of story structure? here. Therefore, the scientist is in the top 0.21% (256/120,051) of authors by that metric in immunology. We should also caution again that citations from before 1996 are missing from our analysis. for works first published in a periodical, that date is also included, in parentheses ( ); Yes One of the earliest surviving works of literature is the Mesopotamian work known as the Epic of Gilgamesh (written c. 2150–1400 BCE). Linkage to other author-based databases in the future may enhance the potential for further use in meta-research evaluations [8]. Unsure of a structural point in a story? Extreme self-citations and “citation farms” (relatively small clusters of authors massively citing each other’s papers) make citation metrics spurious and meaningless, and we offer ways to identify such cases. ISBNdb Increases to 24+ Million Books. Therefore, this version provides a measure of long-term performance, and for most living, active scientists, this also reflects their career-long impact or is a very good approximation thereof. This database examines the lives and works of writers and illustrators for children and young adults using the critically acclaimed Something About the Author series. Yes This database offers biographical information on a diverse range of more than 149,000 modern novelists, poets, playwrights, nonfiction writers, journalists, and scriptwriters. Gale offers a variety of titles covering a wide range of topics, including authors of children’s books, American writers, and more. Existing ranking systems typically focus on single fields (e.g., ranking of authors in economics is performed by https://ideas.repec.org/top/) and use numbers of papers and total citations rather than multiple metrics. For some authors, an attempt has been made to indicate by the use of parentheses which of their full set of names were used as a byline, Write it. The Reading Venues database includes details about how to schedule your own reading, admission fees, audience size, parking and …

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