"Face" is sociologically universal. [29] Chinese consumers tend to believe that if they buy some brands it is easier to be accepted in the social circles of powerful and wealthy people. From the above discussion we find that Face to face communication is an important mode of communication and it possesses some salient features. Among South Slavs, especially in Serbo-Croatian and Bulgarian, the word obraz (Cyrillic: образ) is used as a traditional expression for honor and the sociological concept of face. Keith Allan (1986) extended "face" into theoretical semantics. Face is a class of behaviors and customs operating (active) in different countries and cultures, associated with the morality, honor, and authority of an individual (or group of individuals), and its image in social groups. "Prestige" appears to be semantically closest to "face", however a person can be said to have face but not prestige, or vice versa. (1974). There is more information about What is Report on Business Communication? "English Words of Chinese Origin,", This page was last edited on 4 October 2020, at 07:48. "Face" is central to sociology and sociolinguistics. Lin Yutang considered the psychology[9] of "face". Here we arrive at the most curious point of Chinese social psychology. Eberhard noted, It is mainly in the writings of foreigners that we find the stress upon shame in Chinese society; it is they who stated that the Chinese were typically afraid of "losing their face". Miàn 面 "face; personal esteem;[10] countenance; surface; side" occurs in words like: can be borrowed, struggled for, added to, padded, — all terms indicating a gradual increase in volume. medianet_versionId = "3111299"; You have entered an incorrect email address! [citation needed]. (1991). Brown, Bert. (1969). Two influential Chinese authors explained "face". In sociology, linguistics, media studies and communication studies, face-to-face interaction (less often, face-to-face communication or face-to-face discourse) is social interaction carried out without any mediating technology. [citation needed] He postulated it to be an essential element of all language interchanges, and claimed: "A satisfactory theory of linguistic meaning cannot ignore questions of face presentation, nor other politeness phenomena that maintain the co-operative nature of language interchange. A face devoid of expression usually signals that the bearer may be experiencing sadness, … In some instances, protecting against loss of face becomes so central an issue that it swamps the importance of the tangible issues at stake and generates intense conflicts that can impede progress toward agreement and increase substantially the costs of conflict resolution. Face-to-face interaction is defined as the mutual influence of individuals’ direct physical presence with his/her body language. One-on-one conversations, business meetings and 100-person lectures are all forms of face-to-face communication. Face is central to intercultural communication or cross-cultural communication. The Chinese writer Lu Xun[8] referred to the American missionary Arthur Henderson Smith's (1894:16–18) interpretation. "Two Studies of Prototype Semantics: Lakoff, George and Johnson, Mark. Abstract and intangible, it is yet the most delicate standard by which Chinese social intercourse is regulated.[1]. Some consumers tend to favour some brands (and their products and services) because of their capacity to enable them to 'gain' mianzi, which does not mean simply increase their reputation but also to show achievements and communicate these achievements to others in order to be more accepted in social circles, especially upper class circles. [17], In Arabic, the expression hafiẓa māʼ al-wajh (حفظ ماء الوجه), which literally translate as save the face's water, is used to mean save face. The Thai word for face is หน้า [naa], meaning literally 'face'. When face acquired its Chinese sense of "prestige; honor", it filled a lexical gap in the English lexicon. Chan and Kwok write. Although Chinese writer Lin Yutang claimed "Face cannot be translated or defined",[1] compare these definitions: Face refers to a sociological[6] concept[6] in general linked to the dignity and prestige that a person has in terms of their social relationships. "Autonomy face" describes a desire to appear independent, in control, and responsible. [29] Consumers feel proud, special, honoured, even more valuable as individuals if they can afford to buy brands that can enhance their mianzi. But in the Chinese literature used here, including also the short stories, I did not once find the phrase "losing face"; and there was no clear case of suicide because of shame alone.

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