The Romans may have been the first to use coal in Lancashire, and its shallow seams and outcrops were exploited on a small scale from the Middle Ages and extensively after the start of the Industrial Revolution. Many would have relatives in the colliery and waited beside the mouth of the mine, desperate for news. Among those who died in the blast and subsequent rescue attempts were 12-year-old Cuthbert Almond, Henry Crossley, who was 11, and, the youngest casualties, James Atherton and Aaron Riding, who were both just 10 years old when they were killed. Its coal seams were formed from the vegetation of tropical swampy forests in the Carboniferous period more than 300 million years ago. Some coal owners paid their miners with tokens that could only be redeemed in their company shops, a practice outlawed by the Truck Act 1831. In the following 20 years the main lines of the railway system were constructed, linking the increasingly industrial towns in Lancashire with the rest of the country. In 1859 there were 68 fatal accidents in Manchester district and 57 in Wigan and St Helens. Behold the hidden powers of the magical water in Mother Shipton’s Cave that turns all it touches to stone! Pit brow women were female surface labourers at British collieries. The third worst mining disaster in the country was at Hulton Colliery Company’s Pretoria Pit in 1910 when a faulty lamp caused an explosion killing 344 miners. c. 99), usually known as the Mines Act 1842 is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that prohibited all females and boys under ten years of age from working underground in coal mines. (1911). Starting 350 million years ago, and continuing into the twenty-first century, the history of White Scar Cave is an intriguing mixture of ancient and... Stump Cross Caverns is one of Britain's premier show caves, located in Nidderdale on the border of the Yorkshire Dales National Park. Please always check directly with the venue first before visiting. The bitter and violent Lancashire miners' strike of 1881 lasted for seven weeks, but ended with no resolution. The first miners’ association, the “Brotherly Union Society” was formed in Pemberton in 1794. {4928910:7VMXUTGP};{4928910:JPIV9DQA};{4928910:MRCPXN6Z};{4928910:CXRBGQJ9};{4928910:96MVVRWG};{4928910:EIFDS9EM};{4928910:CQ5EQP3R};{4928910:BUMJQTK6};{4928910:ASW7YVVA};{4928910:RB2U9UUD};{4928910:ASW7YVVA};{4928910:ASW7YVVA};{4928910:ASW7YVVA};{4928910:U4R2PQGK};{4928910:FGYRWCAP};{4928910:EIFDS9EM};{4928910:RB2U9UUD};{4928910:CXRBGQJ9};{4928910:ASW7YVVA};{4928910:RB2U9UUD};{4928910:IKA4HN3I};{4928910:ASW7YVVA};{4928910:RB2U9UUD};{4928910:ASW7YVVA};{4928910:RB2U9UUD};{4928910:RB2U9UUD};{4928910:KLZ5HVNI};{4928910:25WYVJWA};{4928910:RB2U9UUD};{4928910:RB2U9UUD};{4928910:RB2U9UUD};{4928910:RB2U9UUD};{4928910:7LHH8UH3};{4928910:HTZMM86S};{4928910:HTZMM86S};{4928910:ASW7YVVA};{4928910:QZF59XLC}, Lancashire and Cheshire Miners’ Federation, http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/lancs/vol4/pp106-111, http://www.lancashire.gov.uk/environment/lmwlp/adoption/APChapt9.pdf, http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/wiki/The_Basic_Industries_of_Great_Britain_by_Aberconway:_Chapter_VII#Introduction, file:///C:/Users/Owner/Downloads/56.LancsCoal%20(4).pdf, http://www.nmrs.org.uk/resources/coalmining.html, http://homepage.ntlworld.com/bernard.platt/the%20lancashire%20coalfield.htm, http://www.wiganarchsoc.co.uk/content/News_Letters/news008.htm. In England and Wales a workhouse, colloquially known as a spike, was a place where those unable to support themselves were offered accommodation and employment. Though not considered militant, the union was involved in several strikes including the national strikes of 1926, 1972, 1974 and 1984.[31]. Subsidence had resulted in “flashes” or shallow lakes, some of which have been landscaped for recreational use[1] such as the Three Sisters at Ashton in Makerfield and Pennington Flash Country ParkA lake formed by mining subsidence in Leigh, Greater Manchester, the largest body of open water in Wigan. Miners trapped under the collapsed shaft. a 1,120 yards (1,020 m) long tunnel, under his Haigh HallHaigh Hall is a historic country house in Haigh, near Wigan in Greater Manchester England. The Bolton and Leigh Railway By 4pm the next day the Moorfield shaft had been repaired enough for the cages to be operated and the search continued for survivors and bodies.

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