(1880). Omissions? However, he was unable to get wider support for this cause. APA citation. des quest. X, in Vitae Italorum doctrinâ excellentium, II, 1; DE MONTOR, Lives of the Roman Pontiffs (New York, 1867), II; GÉRIN, Louis XIV et Clément IX dans l'affaire des deux mariages de Marie de Savoie (1666-68) in Rev. His talents and virtuous life brought him rapid promotion in the Roman Court at a period when Tuscan influence under Tuscan pontiffs was everywhere predominant. Vol. Rospigliosi was an accomplished man of letters who wrote poetry, dramas and libretti, as well as what may be the first comic opera, namely his 1637 libretto Chi soffre, speri. Clement IX, original name Giulio Rospigliosi, (born Jan. 27/28, 1600, Pistoia, Tuscany—died Dec. 9, 1669, Rome), pope from 1667 to 1669. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Imprimatur. Despite his help to Venice, Clement failed to convince Europe about the Cretan dilemma. His reign was dominated by his efforts to resolve disputes with France and by his assistance to Venice in the unsuccessful attempt to save Crete from the Ottomans. In an age of nepotism, he did little or nothing to advance or enrich his family. He studied liberal arts with the Jesuits and eventually earned doctorates in philosophy and theology at the University of Pisa where he also taught. Nothing remarkable occurred under Clement IX's short administration beyond the temporary adjustment of the disputes between the Holy See and those prelates of the Gallican Church who had refused to join in condemning the writings of Jansen. He studied at the Seminario Romano and later at the University of Pisa as a pupil of the Jesuits, receiving doctorates in theology, philosophy and both canon and civil law in 1623. King Louis XIV of France instructed the French faction to turn their support to Rospigliosi and believed also that he would appease the Spanish faction of Charles II due to the fact that he had once been the Apostolic Nuncio to Spain. Giulio was born to the noble Rospigliosi family, the son of Giacomo and Caterina. Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... Born 28 January, 1600, at Pistoja, of an ancient family originally from Lombardy; elected 20 June, 1667; d. at Rome, 9 December, 1669. He was popular with the people of Rome, not so much for his erudition and application to business, as for his extreme charity and his affability towards great and small. Clement is credited with creating comic opera as an individual form, and Chi soffre speri, the first comic opera, premiered in Rome on Feb. 27, 1639. Corrections? Loughlin, J. He embellished the city of Rome with famous works commissioned to Gian Lorenzo Bernini, including the angels of Ponte Sant'Angelo and the colonnade of Saint Peter's Basilica. On 28 April 1668, he canonized Magdalena de Pazzi and Peter of Alcantara. The news of its fall, after a gallant resistance of twenty years, hastened the pope's death. [2][3] He was also a patron of Nicolas Poussin, commissioning A Dance to the Music of Time from him and dictating its iconography. He brought about, as arbiter, the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle between France and Spain, and gravely admonished Louis XIV against the aggressive career upon which he was setting forth. He ordered his remains to be buried under the pavement of Santa Maria Maggiore, with the simple inscription Clementis IX, Cineres, but his successor, Clement X, erected in his honour the sumptuous monument which stands at the right-hand side of the nave, near the door. He died after a pontificate of two years, five months, and nineteen days. Pope Clement IX (Latin: Clemens IX; 28 January 1600 – 9 December 1669), born Giulio Rospigliosi, was Pope from 20 June 1667 to his death in 1669. He was mediator during the 1668 peace of Aachen, in the wars of succession between France, Spain, England and the Netherlands. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. Clement IX may not have been a very great Pope; but he was a gentle and kindly ruler—never committing harsh or unjust actions. He frequently visited the hospitals, and was lavish in his alms to the poor. He was appointed as the Titular Archbishop of Tarsus in 1644 and later received episcopal consecration in the Vatican. He was elected pope on June 20, 1667, and consecrated as Clement IX six days later. Ten years later, one month after the death of Alexander, Cardinal Rospigliosi was elected to the papacy by the unanimous vote of the Sacred College. He increased the goodwill of his subjects by buying off the monopolist who had secured the "macinato", or privilege of selling grain, and as his predecessor had collected the money for the purpose, Clement IX had the decree published in the name of Alexander VII. Transcription. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. Hence, the Cretan seaport city of Candia (now Iraklion), after a siege of 20 years, fell on Sept. 5, 1669, followed by the submission of the island to Persia. He elevated 12 new cardinals in three consistories; this included Emilio Bonaventura Altieri who would succeed him as Pope Clement X. [1] He was also made vicar of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome. He later took possession of the Basilica of Saint John Lateran on 3 July 1667. In his aversion to notoriety, he refused to permit his name to be placed on the buildings erected during his reign. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04028a.htm. A distinguished man of letters, Giulio Rospigliosi—before his election as Pope Clement—wrote poetry but gained fame through his dramas with religious themes and several libretti, including Il Sant’Alessio, a sacred opera with music by one of the earliest Roman operatic composers, Stefano Landi; and Chi soffre speri (“He Who Suffers, Hopes”), a comic opera with music by Virgilio Mazzocchi and Marco Marazzoli. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Gerald Rossi. Loughlin, James. My email address is webmaster at newadvent.org. Pope Alexander VII appointed him to the cardinalate in 1657 as the Cardinal-Priest of San Sisto Vecchio and was also appointed as the Cardinal Secretary of State in 1655 which he held until 1667.[1]. By strict economy he brought the papal finances into good order, and was able to furnish material aid to Venice for the defence of Crete, then besieged by the Turks. Pope Clement IX Era: 1667-1669 Giulio Rospigliosi was born in 1600 to an aristocratic family in Pistoria. He lived in retirement during the pontificate of Innocent X, who disliked the Barberini and their adherents, but was recalled to office by Alexander VII and by him appointed secretary of state and Cardinal-Priest of the Title of San Sisto (1657). In his aversion to notoriety, he refused to permit his name to be placed on the buildings erected during his reign.[1]. Remy Lafort, Censor. Clement IX confirmed the cultus of Margaret of Savoy on 9 October 1669. Clement clashed with King Louis XIV of France, who was determined to eliminate any religious divergence he saw as a threat to the unity of his kingdom and who revived the condemnation of Jansenism, a heretical doctrine deemphasizing freedom of the will and teaching that redemption through Christ’s death is limited to some but not all. Rospigliosi also served as the Apostolic Nuncio to Spain from 1644 until 1653 when he decided to retire from that post. Clement IX, original name Giulio Rospigliosi, (born Jan. 27/28, 1600, Pistoia, Tuscany—died Dec. 9, 1669, Rome), pope from 1667 to 1669. His successor, Pope Clement X (r. 1670–1676), built him an ornate tomb in the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore. Ecclesiastical approbation. He was further troubled, however, by Louis’s principles of Gallicanism, a particularly French ecclesiastical doctrine advocating restriction of papal power. On 20 June 1667, he was elected as pontiff and took the pontifical name of "Clement IX". New York: Robert Appleton Company. His education entailed learning at the Seminario Romano and then as a Jesuit pupil at the University of Pisa. He increased the goodwill of his subjects by buying off the monopolist who had secured the macinato, or privilege of selling grain, and as his predecessor had collected the money for the purpose, Clement had the decree published in the name of Alexander VII. He made a brilliant course of studies at the Roman Seminary, and the University of Pisa, where he received the doctorate in his twenty-third year and was made professor of philosophy. Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads. +John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York. Noted for his charity and his kindness, Clement died mourning the Christians slain at Candia. Later Rospigliosi worked closely with Pope Urban VIII (1623–1644) where he worked in the diplomatic corps as the Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura. Pope Clement IX Giulio Rospigliosi. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. "Pope Clement IX." MLA citation. 1644 would see him become Titular Archbishop of Tarsus an… This article was transcribed for New Advent by Gerald Rossi. He frequently visited the hospitals, and was lavish in his alms to the poor. Clement’s policy of appeasement materialized in an agreement called the Peace of Clement IX (January 1669), which suspended persecution of the Jansenists. He ordered his remains to be buried under the pavement of Santa Maria Maggiore, with the simple inscription Clementis IX, Cineres, but his successor, Clement X, erected in his honour the sumptuous monument which stands at the right-hand side of the nave, near the Pope Alexander VII died in 1667 and a conclave to choose his successor was called. The new pope was crowned on 26 June 1667 by the protodeacon, Cardinal Rinaldo d'Este. As pope, Clement IX continued his interest in the arts. The death of the beloved pontiff was long lamented by the Romans, who considered him, if not the greatest, at least the most amiable of the popes. Pope Clement IX by James Francis Loughlin. Had the European powers listened to his exhortations, that important island would not have been lost to Christendom. At the end of October 1669, Clement IX fell ill after receiving news that the Venetian fortress of Candia in Crete had surrendered to the Turks. 1623 would see him earn doctorates in canon law, civil law, philosophy and theology; the last of these subjects would also be something he taught as a professor from 1623 to 1625. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Clement-IX, The Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of Pope Clement IX. Updates? By a mild compromise in the affair of French Jansenism, known as the Clementine Peace, (Pax Clementina), he procured a lull in the storm, which, unfortunately, owing to the insincerity of the sectaries, was but temporary. Clement IX named him superintendent of the papal exchequer. After receiving his doctorates, he taught theology there as a professor from 1623 to 1625. He lived in retirement throughout the pontificate of Pope Innocent X who disliked and distanced himself from those associated with his predecessor. Nihil Obstat. Please help support the mission of New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download.

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