[7], The other major factor in the decline of coal was the massive under-investment in Welsh mines over the past decades. By 2002, the unemployment rates in the Welsh valleys were among the highest in the whole United Kingdom since the 1980s, and have been seen as a major factor in the rise in drug abuse in the local area, which was highlighted in the national media during the autumn of 2002 and largely linked to drug dealing gangs from Birmingham and Bristol. As a result, financing has been advanced through the Cardiff City Deal for a South Wales Metro. Half of Welsh households experiencing poverty have someone bringing home a salary.Gender imbalance remains evident across many areas of life in Wales. The first major improvement is the re-opening of services between Ebbw Vale and Newport (via the Gaer Tunnel) which is projected to be completed by 2021.[17]. In 1984 and 1985, after the government announced plans to close many mines across the UK, mineworkers went on strike. [3] There were fewer than 1,000 people in the Rhondda valley in 1851, 17,000 by 1870, 114,000 by 1901 and 153,000 by 1911; but the wider impact of urbanisation was constrained by geography—the Rhondda remained a collection of villages rather than a town. They include: Julia Unwin, chief executive of the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, said: “Poverty in Wales is holding back almost a quarter of the population, damaging the economy and affecting the life chances of the next generation. Calling for more affordable homes to be built, the report says high housing costs are the cause of poverty for 100,000 people in Wales. [14], The Valleys suffer from a number of socio-economic problems. The coal mined in the valleys was transported south along railways and canals to Cardiff, Newport and Swansea. [10], In 1966, the village of Aberfan in the Taff valley suffered one of the worst disasters in Welsh history, referred to today as the Aberfan disaster. The industrialisation of the Valleys occurred in two phases. [14] The area is less diverse than the rest of the country, with a relatively high proportion of residents (over 90% in Blaenau Gwent and Merthyr Tydfil) born in Wales. [13], The Valleys are home to around 30% of the Welsh population, although this is declining slowly because of emigration, especially from the Upper Valleys. Educational attainment in the Valleys is low, with a large proportion of people possessing few or no qualifications. [14] A large number of people commute to Cardiff, particularly in Caerphilly, Torfaen and Rhondda Cynon Taf. The South Wales Valleys contain a large proportion of the Welsh population and remain an important centre of Welsh culture, despite the growing economic dominance of Cardiff. The coal mining industry of the Valleys was buoyed throughout World War II, though there were expectations of a return to the pre-1939 industrial collapse after the end of the war. In the longer term, the UK government should earmark a sum equivalent to Wales’s structural fund receipts – approximately £400m a year in 2014 – to rebalance the Welsh economy and support inclusive growth and employment.”. The Welsh Government’s rejection of the proposed Circuit of Wales has thrown a new spotlight on the plight of Blaenau Gwent. The Labour-controlled Welsh government said it was working hard to address poverty but that the report, published on Tuesday, showed there was still much work to do. "Statistics show employment is at a joint record high, wages are … Though the rail network into Cardiff is extensive, train times and frequencies beyond Caerphilly and Pontypridd impede the development of a significant commuter market to city centre jobs. [8] The Welsh mines were comparatively antiquated, with methods of ventilation, coal-preparation and power supply all of a decades-earlier standard. Drawn up with the Bevan Foundation, a thinktank based in the valleys, the report concludes the initiatives that would solve the situation need to come not just from the Welsh government but from business, trade unions, charities and individuals. First, in the second half of the 18th century, the iron industry was established on the northern edge of the Valleys, mainly by English entrepreneurs. [14] A high proportion of people report a limiting long-term health problem, especially in the Upper Valleys. [8] The only way to ensure the financial survival of the mines in the valleys was massive investment from the National Coal Board, but the "Plan for Coal" drawn up in 1950 was overly optimistic about the future demand for coal,[9] which was drastically reduced following an industrial recession in 1956 and an increased availability of oil. Commonly referred to as "The Valleys" (Welsh: Y Cymoedd), they stretch from eastern Carmarthenshire to western Monmouthshire; to the edge of the pastoral country of the Vale of Glamorgan and the coastal plain near the cities of Swansea, Cardiff, and Newport. standard measurement of poverty used by the UK Government is ‘relative low income On average, part-time employees in Wales are paid much less than full-time employees, at £8.12 an hour (excluding overtime) compared with £12.26 an hour.”. Many settlements in the Valleys are served by the Valley Lines network, an urban rail network radiating from Cardiff which links them to the city's stations, principally Cardiff Queen Street and Cardiff Central, with connections onto the South Wales Main Line. If we’re to tackle poverty in Wales, we must also tackle gender imbalance. Rugby union is very popular, and pitches can be seen along the valley corridors. The geographical shape of the valleys has its effect on culture. The 10 poorest parts of Wales. Cardiff was soon among the most important coal ports in the world, and Swansea among the most important steel ports. A Welsh government spokesperson said: “Employment in Wales is the highest on record and the number of children living in workless households is continuing to fall. The new figures show pockets of high relative deprivation in the south Wales valleys and in Newport and Wrexham. This report shows that the current austerity approach has truly run its course.”, We need to reduce the high cost of housing to help solve poverty in Wales: https://t.co/v5suez5KRp #solveukpoverty pic.twitter.com/4dIYGO6XKq, The leader of the Welsh Conservatives, Andrew RT Davies, welcomed the report but said solutions were needed for the whole of Wales, not just in places like the valleys. The metro will consist of route electrification, new Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles trains manufactured at Llanwern for use in 2023, new stations, more frequent services, and faster journey times across most valleys.
Oxfam GB is a member of the international confederation Almost one in four people in Wales lives in poverty which means they get less than 60% of the average wage. The South Wales coalfield attracted huge numbers of people from rural areas to the valleys; and many rows of terraced housing were built along the valley sides to accommodate the influx. However, as this report shows, there is still more to be done and we’re committed to rising to the challenge. The report sets out a series of suggestions for tackling the problem. [citation needed], The A470 from Cardiff is, as far as its junction with the A465 Heads of the Valleys road, a dual-carriageway providing direct access to Taff's Well, Pontypridd, Abercynon and Merthyr Tydfil.

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