He showed little concern for spiritual matters, and some of his actions, particularly during his battles with Ladislaus and the Council of Constance, support this judgment. The last remaining claimant in Avignon, Benedict XIII, refused to resign and was excommunicated. He was considered a good soldier and administrator but not a good churchman. He had become an ordained priest only one day earlier. (The Western Schism had begun in 1378, and there were two competing popes at the time, one in Avignon supported by France and Spain, and one in Rome, supported by most of Italy, Germany and England.) The council resolved that all three popes should abdicate and a new pope be elected.[7]. Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. When John’s protector, Louis of Anjou, went back to France, John had to make peace with Ladislaus. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. They claimed that Gregory had not kept his word of consulting them before appointing new cardinals. John’s actions enraged the council, which deposed him on May 29, 1415. When Angelo Roncalli was elected pope in 1958, there was some confusion as to whether he would be John XXIII or John XXIV; he then declared that he was John XXIII to put this question to rest. Between 1378 and 1417, there was a split within the Catholic Church, with two rival popes claiming the throne of St. Peter. He named the ‘Medici Bank’ as the papal bank. In the meantime, AntiPope John XXIII and Frederick fled further downriver along the Rhine to the town of Freiburg im Breisgau, which recognised the duke of Austria as its lord. . In March, John escaped from Constance disguised as a postman. c. m. d. crowder, Unity, Heresy, and Reform: 1378–1460 (London 1977). Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Here John called a council (April 29, 1412–March 1413), ostensibly to continue church reform, but it only managed to condemn (Feb. 10, 1413) the writings of the English reformer John Wycliff (ca. In 1403, he served as a papal legate in Romagna. After Louis defeated Ladislaus at Roccasecca (May 19, 1411), John entered Rome on April 12, 1411. https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/antipope-john-xxiii-36837.php. Italian bishop; Pisan antipope (1410–1415), "Chapter XI. https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/john-xxiii-antipope, "John XXIII, Antipope While John had by far the widest political support (England, France, and many Italian and German states), he was still politically vulnerable, especially in Italy. It was rumored that he was poisoned by Cossa. 1370), he died in Florence on either June 23, 1419 or (see Esch) on December 27. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. ." They went to Florence, where John asked for the support of the German king Sigismund (1410–37; emp. There are few reliable facts concerning Cossa's early life, though there is a tradition that he left a military career in favor of church service. The council asked all the three rival popes to abdicate and elected Pope Martin V. Later, Cossa was tried for various crimes and was imprisoned for 3 years. There are few reliable facts concerning Cossa's early life, though there is a tradition that he left a military career in favor of church service. John fled to Florence with his cardinals. For a brief time the two were allies, but in May 1413 Ladislaus again attacked Rome, and John had to flee with his cardinals. He is known for his efforts in ending the Great Schi…, The Lateran basilica was from early times the particular cathedral of the bishop of Rome; and from 313, in the reign of Emperor constantine i the gre…, Basel, Council of The Catholic Church regards him as an antipope. Sigismund handed him over to Louis III of Bavaria (a well-known enemy of Cossa), who kept him as a prisoner in Rudolfzell, Gottleiben, Heidelberg, and Mannheim until well after Dec. 28, 1417, the time that the council had decreed his release. The French clergyman John Gerson (1363-1429) was a leader of the Conciliar movement. g. erler (Leipzig 1890) ; and De vita ac factis constanciensibus Johannis Papae XXIII, in Magnum oecumenicum Constanciense Concilium, ed. Pontificate (Pisan obedience) : May 17, 1410 to May 29, 1415. Though John was reluctant, he finally agreed to renounce his position only if the other two popes resigned. h. jedin and j. dolan, eds. Born Baldassare Cossa into an impoverished family of Neapolitan aristocrats (ca. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antipope_John_XXIII.jpg, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fmtyueqkiyY. John called for a council on April 29, 1412, but only few members attended it. He managed to bring Bologna under the Papal States once again. Though John was reluctant to call a council in a German city, he finally announced the ‘Council of Constance’ on December 9, 1413, to be held in November 1414. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/john-xxiii-antipope. He became Cardinal deacon of Saint Eustachius in 1402 and Papal legate in Romagna in 1403. [10] New Catholic Encyclopedia. On June 23, 1419 Martin appointed Cossa cardinal bishop of Tusculum-Frascati, but he died six months later. [7] According to the Klingenberger Chronicle, written by a noble client of Frederick IV, Duke of Austria, John XXIII travelled down the Rhine to Schaffhausen in a boat, while Frederick accompanied him with a small band of men on horseback. Ludwig III (or Louis III), Elector Palatine, was put in charge of him. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps. Acta concilii Constanciensis, ed. c. j. von hefele and h. leclercq, Histoire des conciles d'après les documents originaux (Paris 1907–38) v. 7. j. blumenthal, "Johan XXIII: seine Wahl un seine Persönlichkeit, " Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte 21 (1901) 488–516. w. brandmÜler, Das Konzil von Konstanz (Paderborn 1991). John wished to return to Rome, but his cardinals insisted that he should travel to Constance for the council. John's election did little to change the nature of the Schism; there were still three active claimants to the papacy: John, Benedict XIII (1394–1417), and Gregory XII. In August 1412, John excommunicated the Bohemian reformer Jan Hus (ca. Cossa served Pope Boniface IX in Bologna and then in Rome. The tomb was created by sculptors Donatello and Michelozzo. The cardinals of the ‘Pisan Obedience’ conducted an election, and on May 17, 1410, Cossa was chosen as the new pope. John XXIII Handbook of Church History (New York 1965–81) 4:448–68. New Catholic Encyclopedia. Alexander V died soon after, and on 25 May 1410 Cossa was consecrated a bishop, taking the name John XXIII. John XXIII was the antipope during the period of Western Schism and a leader of the ‘Council of Pisa’ in 1408. Constanc…, John Gerson There was no John XX; this is why Gibbon refers to the antipope John as John XXII. With support from John, Louis fought Ladislaus at Roccasecca on May 19, 1411, and conquered Rome. He died on May 3, 1410. Antipope John XXIII was born Baldassare Cossa, in 1370, in Procida, Kingdom of Naples, into a noble Neapolitan family. Louis II of Anjou was the protector of John, while King Ladislaus of Naples (the protector of Gregory) was against John.

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